Re: Wheel Types: What's best, and why?
 

The goal trying to be achieved isn't more torque, it's more contact time. A slower wheel will contact the frisbee for longer, and in the end will accelerate the frisbee more.

Tl;Dr: Gearing the motor would work, as it would slow down the wheel, but it's not required since lowering the voltage of the motor is sufficient enough to increase contact time.

Re: Wheel Types: What's best, and why?
 

The goal is neither or those. The goal is faster exit speed of the bee.

The higher the acceleration if the bee, the less time it spends in contact with the wheel, and the faster the exit speed will be.

If the exit speed of the bee is slower, chances are it had more contact time, but it spent that time slipping, not accelerating.

Re: Wheel Types: What's best, and why?
 

There is no magic. What you are seeking is best determined by prototyping. You can't use someone else's answer, because many factors of the shooter can affect the result.