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Re: Minibot climb rate
pi*5.5" wheel diameter = 17.3" wheel circumference. 90"/17.3" = 5.2 wheel revs to climb pole (5.2 revs)/(2.2 seconds)*(60 seconds/minute) = 142 rpm At that speed, the motors are generating virtually no torque. Somebody please check my math. |
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Your interpretation makes more sense I guess. |
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The 10.4 to 1 boxes, based on our experiences and pile of smoked motors, won't work with a 5.5" diameter wheel. We ended up with ~3" wheels with our 10.4 to 1 gear boxes. The math doesn't add up to a 2.2 sec time with 52 to 1 boxes either, unless that bot's weight is less than the total of the battery and motors, let alone the wheels and frame, again based on our experiences. |
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We used stock (52:1) gearboxes on the minibot. The average time was 2.2-2.3 seconds from bottom of the pole to the top. It weighs around 4.5-5 pounds.
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Our minibot had a 3.5 second climb. Unlike a lot of robots that I saw that used magnets to hold on to the pole. Our magnets were located in our wheels and then covered in electrical tape for traction.
I have attached a picture of one of the early forms of the minibot. the magnets are underneath the thin layer of black electrical tape. We had some problems with deployment early on, mainly due to the fact that the robot was driving down the pole, but other than that it worked reasonably well. |
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How did you secure them to the wheel? Did you alternate them N/S ? |
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Late in the process we got a 1.7s minibot working with 1/4" tubes covered with surgical tubing. I never understood why everyone thinks magnets are necessary. If you center the minibot's mass left to right and balance the top to bottom mass difference by angling the minibot a bit, magnets are not necessary. Sure the minibot is not trying to climb straight up but it is also not trying to pull the magnets up with it - and its simpler.
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HTH |
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I guess what I was asking was do you have some sort of snap-action device that springs shut and locks the bot to the pole, or do you "press-fit" the bot to the pole, or some other method? |
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Close - we did have a wheel on both sides but the weight was even left and right but the bottom (below the wheels) was heavier than the top (above the wheels). We launched it with the wheels at a 45 angle, it pulled itself onto the pole (righting itself in the process) and then fights (a little, maybe 2 or 3 degrees) against the cantilever on the way up. We depended mostly on flex in the motor mounts and sticky wheels to create the rolling friction against the pole. HTH |
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http://flic.kr/s/aHsjuentrP |
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1) The rollers look angled. Is that intentional? 2) It seems like the weight of the battery pack (2) would cause the bot to fall away from the pole in the direction indicated by the "->" arrow (assuming that the picture is right-side-up) ? 3) Is this part of the minibot? Have you burned up any Tetrix motors with this configuration? |
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2) Indeed it would if you did not tilt it fwd a wee bit, which means we are sacrificing some power I know but it was still quite fast 3) Yes, we had a slower minibot (very reliable) which launched from a 45 degree ramp and we wanted to use both minibots interchangeably. That is the only purpose for that piece of the assembly. We burned up one motor after running it up many dozens of times during testing but that motor smoked some while testing an interim design so it was a little suspect. We tried button magnets but this configuration seemed to work better. Perhaps a nicer shaped magnet would have worked better, maybe we'll try it before the off-season events. HTH |
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I never would have guessed when I started this thread that it would have grown to 220+ posts. I also didn't consider one thing, this is FIRST. When I did the very first rough calculations, I had to make a lot of assumptions. My first guesstimate of climb time was in the ball park of 7 seconds. I should have known that the envelope would definitely be pushed, heck, almost to the breaking point.
The first minibot we built was very reliable and won a lot of races. It is not fast, just reliable, 4.5 seconds consistently. We rode that little bot all the way to the finals in Sacramento. It will be with us in St. Louis and be available for any team that needs it. It will have a deployment plate with it already set up, all that is needed will be a set of rails to send it out on and a battery. Her name is Miracle. Now, just so you don't get confused, Miracle still works just fine, but we on Eagle Force don't like to sit by when we know we can do better. Meet Miracle 2 v2.1a. ![]() ![]() Miracle 2 v2.1a was inspired by a post by Sanddrag, along with several other designs we have seen. When we originally set out to build a new mini to take to St. Louis. we were shooting for a sub 2 second mini. That is a far cry from the first estimate I made of ~7sec. way back when this thread started. So how does Miracle 2 v2.1a perform? Lets just say, < 1.2sec is pretty darn close to acceptable. There is one issue we still need to solve, see if you can identify it. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvXV8_8UQGk BTW, I have this Minibot all set up in SolidWorks. There are a couple minor items missing from the CAD, like the nylon screws, but otherwise, it is fairly complete. If you want a zipped version of the project, just shoot me a PM. |
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Wow, that's a pretty frightening suicide leap. Maybe adding a couple magnets would help rectify that.
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Looks awesome. We have several videos with kids making sure to catch the minibot after hitting the plate. Our solution was a piece of PVC a bit larger in OD to the pole cut to around 200 degrees so that the chaotic "landings" were minimized.
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As far as we can tell, the battery is the main issue. It's momentum is causing the back of the mini to continue moving up, even though the frame has stopped against the top plate. To remedy this, we are going to flip the battery over and move it up until it is parallel with the top of the frame. That way, it has no where to travel once contact with the plate is made. (If that isn't enough energy into the sensor to trigger it, nothing will be.) Maybe some padding on top will help as well. |
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The axles are .375" and made of Polycarbonate. The tires are a silicon based surgical tubing material.
If you notice, this thing is accelerating almost the entire time. With slightly smaller axles, say .036", it might accelerate a bit quicker, but could reach max velocity too soon and increase the overall time to climb. The only way to tell is to try it, and we are happy right where it is. From my experience with R/C car racing, I find the best approach is to be accelerating all the way until just before you start the next turn. In this case, that point is the top of the pole. So, it looks like this design is pretty close to optimal with the weight we currently have. Reducing the weight further will only improve things. |
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If none of that made sense, sketch up a free-body diagram of the minibot as it makes contact with the pole. Assign an arbitrarily large upwards force at the center of mass of your minibot, balanced by a downwards force at your point of impact, and a horizontal force centered on your magnets. See what happens to the horizontal force as you move the impact point farther from the pole. |
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HTH |
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Since you have a working minibot with a measured time-to-climb, you could easily plug your weight and wheel diameter into this model and adjust the friction value until the model matches your measured time-to-climb. Then change the wheel diameter in the model and see what diameter results in minimum time-to-climb. A side benefit of smaller wheel diameter is less motor current. Quote:
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Your suggestion is actually quite easy to follow and might be the final solution. Currently, the initial impact to the sensor plate is the tip of the actuator arm of our Stop/brake limit switch. That is followed by the impact of the frame of the minibot. To shift the initial impact point behind the battery should be as simple as placing a small amount of surgical tubing across the back of the top of the battery and then moving the battery up so that it is flush with the top of the frame. This will do two things: 1) Pad the battery with a bumper that is made of legal material, and reduce the possibility of damage to the battery from being slammed into the sensor plate. 2) It will shift the pivot point outside the center of mass of the minibot and thus cause it to rotate into the pole instead of away from it, as you suggested. Quote:
As you stated, average velocity can be determined by max/2. But, with smaller wheels, max velocity goes down. (Here is where practice makes perfect. If we really wanted the absolute fastest minibot possible, we would have to make several different sizes of axles to find which gave the best time.) Let me try a little back of the envelope discussion to help explain this. Let's assume that max velocity is reached just as you reached the top of the pole. Max velocity reached was 8 ft./sec. So average would be 4 ft./sec and the 10 foot pole would have been climbed in 2.5 seconds. Now, we reduce the "wheel size" so that we accelerate to max velocity quicker, but in doing so, also reduce our max velocity. Now max velocity is 6 ft./sec and is attained at 6 feet up the pole (ball park for discussion). The average velocity for that 6 feet ( (6 ft./sec)/2) = 3 ft/sec, and therefore, 2 seconds to travel. The remaining 4 feet of distance is traveled at a velocity of 6 ft./sec and takes .667 seconds. So, 2.667 seconds to cover the same distance instead of 2.5 seconds. That is why you "should" accelerate the entire way. These numbers are for discussion only and do not represent the actual values. Either, I will definitely run these values through your model and see what the result are. As I said, the real test would be to test with multiple different "wheel" sizes and measure the actual result. There are so many variables in this project, battery voltage, wheel tackiness, wheel friction against the pole etc., that sometimes trial and error just works out better. |
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And now I'll turn around and doubt your back of the envelope calculations. I keep seeing people in this thread declaring that the average velocity is half the maximum velocity if you reach the maximum at the top of the pole. But this is only true if you're accelerating at a constant rate.
This is not the case with a permanent magnet dc motor. With a pmdc, as speed increases, produced torque decreases. As torque decreases, your acceleration decreases. So you're going to spend longer accelerating from max/4 to max/2 than you did accelerating from 0 to max/4. This is going to make a significant difference in your calculations. I'd recommend playing with the model Ether linked to and seeing the effect of changing wheel diameters, because it's not as straightforward as you think. |
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Now, for complete accuracy, or theoretically accurate results, then Either's model should definitely be considered. I will do a couple more measurements for accuracy tonight and then run them through the model and see what happens. (Honestly, with Spring Break being next week and the school being closed, I am fairly certain the only changes we will be making are those that keep the bot on the pole :yikes: ) Based on the values I recall for weight and wheel diameter, the Either Model shows that a wheel diameter of .436" is optimal. Currently we have axles that are .375" in dia. and then there is a very pliable Silicon Surgical tubing over that. Uncompressed, the entire wheel is fairly close to .5" in dia. So, under the load of compression into the pole, we are fairly close to the given number. Again, I will verify this tonight. |
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Did you adjust the friction until the model agreed with your time-to-climb, and THEN adjust the wheel diameter to find the optimum? See excerpt below: Quote:
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Your Excel file does not modify the TIME value, TIME is an input, but it does modify the DISTANCE value as each input parameter is modified. Once I found a friction value that matched our climb distance, I left that value alone. After that , I re-iteratively modified the wheel diameter until I maximized the distance traveled in the same time of 1.2 sec. |
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Good luck in St Louis! |
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If you don't want to mess with that, would you mind posting your present observed values for bot weight, wheel diameter, and climb-time so I can run them? * you can change the value in cell A7 to change the scale of the graph if necessary |
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2.35LB. .436 dia (final), .5 original to find friction. 1.2 sec. climb time. |
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95 inches. |
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Given your inputs of 2.35 lb minibot weight, 0.5 inch shaft diameter, 1.2 seconds climb time, and 95 inches climbed distance, here's what I came up with: friction: 0.83 pound optimum diameter: 0.43 inches ... which tends to support the conclusion that you are pretty close to the optimum diameter. The only puzzling thing is that the graph in the model looks like your bot velocity with your original .5 inch diameter has pretty much reached its peak value half way up the pole. Was your assessment that the bot continued substantial acceleration all the way to the top a subjective judgment or did you analyze data from a video? (see attachments) |
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The bottom line is, we are really close. Lightening will only help, and deployment will be the biggest key to consistent success. |
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Hey Bill
Perhaps there is wheel slip in the beginning of the climb, thus prolonging the acceleration in the beginning of the climb. 0.83 lbs is a lot of friction for the minibot. My guess is the the friction is lower and the minibot can accelerate quicker, but slippage losses in the beginning of the climb slow down the time. It overcomes the slip when motor toque is lower and the rpm higher, thus higher up on the pole. From here is starts accelerating with its full potential. Overall it appears to accelerate the entire length. It would be like pushing (or distorting) the velocity curve to the right. On our revised minibot, it appears to slip a bit in the beginning but accelerates quickly after it. We run a 2.5 pound minibot with a 3/8 od wheel. It climbs in about 1.5 seconds. We are defiantly running higher magnets forces then yours. By increasing the magnet force, you can prevent wheel slip and prevent the robot from flying off. I will see if your numbers compare well to my calculator later tonight. |
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http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/sh...76#post1045576 |
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We finished our last regional and did not implement our secret weapon:
(although we did tell the Boston Regional judges about it) Rubber on rubber (1.2 CoF sliding friction) for the first 3 inches of vertical climb before switching to rubber to steel (0.3-0.6 CoF sliding friction). We projected that would save us 0.2 to 0.3 seconds and still keep normal force low. The rubber on rubber is minibot contact to a hostbot ramp that runs vertically parallel to the tower pole and then switches onto the pole before the minibot crosses the 18" line. |
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OK, more info and a video.
Kevin, Shifting the battery up to the top and placing some surgical tubing at the back of the battery did the trick. Now our pivot point is the farthest point from the pole. This video is taken with a fairly depleted battery. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P89k0hlHd1E Either, More accurate measurements: Weight is 10052g, or, 2.32 lb. Wheel diameter is effectively .45" when compressed against the pole. So, based on our earlier discussions, it is really close to ideal. |
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2.215 lbs right now but we are a little slow at the beginning of our climb at about 1 second, we are going to tinker with our magnets to try and decrease the amount of time. We shall see how well this works in the next few days.
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billbo911 - Team 1351's minibot had the exact same problem with falling off the pole. I'll try to implement changes similar to what you did; hopefully we can avoid catastrophe at Calgames. :) We already came close to destroying our extremely fragile Minibot at the Silicon Valley regional. It fell off of the pole twice during matches, where nobody could catch it - the .090 aluminum that forms its chassis barely survived.
Mark (or anyone else) - Other than increasing magnet strength, how can one reduce the wheel slip? I know there are obvious options like changing the tread material, but I'm wondering if any other techniques could also work. |
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Bill our calculations show that your minibot should climb in about 1.3 seconds. I think its a little off, I am going to tinker with it a bit. Its set up to have drive-train efficiency different at low rpm than high rpm. Just to be clear, this is a separate efficiency from motor efficiency. |
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You can also modify the transmission or just take it off all together. Do the calculations with no transmission and a 3/8 shaft with surgical tubing as a wheel. I got under 1.5 seconds at max efficiency.
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Bill, I fixed the calculations on my end, I am getting a climb rate of about 1.10 seconds. So I think slipping is defiantly slowing you down. I have also been comparing my minibot to the the polycarbonate one here: http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/sh...&postcount=191 Ours is the same mass but defiantly slower. I think another variable to consider is the accuracy of shaft placement. Ours is defiantly poor, the shafts are not perfectly perpendicular to the pole, so we are defiantly loosing efficiency. I don't know if this is common for others, but when we attach our un-powered minibot to the pole, it won't roll down unless we move it a bit. An accurate minibot should just slide down when not powered. Ours still slides down after the climb because it bounces off the top plate. |
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I've been thinking about the slipping. Though I know we have some really grippy "wheels", it is possible. It could also be that the shafts are spinning in the "wheels". We will try a couple experiments today to see if we can resolve it. The reality is, we are going from a dead stop to max torque instantly, and fighting gravity while we are at it. The best option to overcome that is a curved ramp. I seriously doubt we have time to redesign out deployment system now. So.... stopping the slip is our best bet. |
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Given: 0.5 inch diameter wheel 0.09 Nm stall torque 0.4 coefficient of friction between pole and wheel (estimated, YMMV) Find: required normal force to prevent slipping Solution: 1) calculate the motive force at the wheel/pole interface produced by stall torque: (0.09 Nm)/[(0.5/2 inches)*(0.0254 meters/inch)] = 14.17 Newtons = 3.19 lbs 2) divide the motive force by the coefficient of friction: (3.19 lbs)/(0.4) = 8 pounds normal force required for no wheel slip Edit: To be clear, the above calculation is for the normal force on ONE wheel (shaft) powered by ONE motor. If the wheel (shaft) is powered by two motors, then the number would double. |
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Different excercise from Ether's:
Using the second derivative of Ether's equation x(t), the acceleration versus time is: a(t) = -D*e^(-B*t) To find out when there's no more acceleration, set a(t) = 0 -- since ln(0) is negative infinity, we basically see that the minibot is always technically accelerating. HOWEVER we can see when it gets "close" to its max. speed by substituting in a very small number for a(t). In my case I chose 0.01 m/s^2 since that's small enough to become "unnoticable" IMO. Sovling the equation for t, to see when the minibot is no longer accelerating gives us t = ln(0.01/-D)*(1/-B) Then we can plug that 't' back into the original equation to figure out the height at which the minibot is no longer accelerating. Presuming:
The distance of acceleration = 5.57 feet |
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Our frame which we are mounting our motors is actually holding up even better than we had expected even though it is only .040" thick. But we tinkered with the magnets and are now running even faster and have now begun to launch off the pole as we approach <1 second....
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Our team is pretty excited about our new and improved minibot.
It is currently performing between 1.1 - 1.2 seconds from dead start (no ramp). Our old one was good enough in weeks 2 and 4, but knew that it had to improve to stay with the mix of teams that are hovering above, at, or right below the 1 second mark. |
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I don't know if you tested with a full battery or not but the battery being full would change the speed of the minibot I imagine and cause it to go slower and could be part of the fix for the minibot flying off the pole which isn't an actual fix. |
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-Brando |
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- weight? - wheel (shaft) diameter? - wheel (shaft) tread material? - magnets or something else? - have you measured the friction? |
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931 has a minibot that climbs justbelow the 1 second mark. Weight : 2.2 lbs Wheel shaft diameter : .45 inches Wheel shaft material : Electrical tape(standard) 27 lb pull magnet No. =) We'll have 6 of these at worlds and are willing to let other teams borrow (teams in Archimedes get priority) Here's a video with a 7 foot pole. We got .7 seconds for total climb time. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUSCBbhu4JM |
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