[Marc P.]

Good news! It turns out it was a code problem, and the cRIO is fine.

The programmers were using the "FRC Sample Simple C Template" in Wind River as the default program, which we found out, the hard way, doesn't work. We're not sure why it's still included, even in fresh installs of Wind River/WPIlib.

After formatting/re-imaging the cRIO again, we created and compiled a new project using the "FRC Simple Robot Template" and it worked perfectly.

Also, in reading the "crio-frc_Operating_Instructions" PDF published by NI-

"The NO APP switch does not affect C/C++ startup applications. You can
use the Undeploy option in Wind River Workbench to disable a C/C++
application."

...which explains why it would continue to reboot while toggled.

Everything is back to normal now. Thank you all!