[Moon2020]

Cannon, Meitner, Noether, R. Franklin, and Bell Burnell are the five women who should have received Nobel Prizes but did not. I still love Lovelace and Hopper as possible choices.

von Guericke, Boyle, Hooke, Carnot, Joule, Papin, Savery, Newcomen, Black, Watt, Maxwell, Boltzmann, Planck, Clausius, Rankine, Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Duhem, Lewis, Randall, and Guggenheim are all from thermodynamics.

If you want to get the rocket science in there - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Goddard, and Hermann Oberth preceded von Braun.
If you want women aerospace engineers/rocket scientists, Mary Sherman Morgan and Yvonne Brill top the list. Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova was the first female in space, and Yuri Gagarin was the first male in space.