Most brake systems use disks or drums made of metal. I would imagine testing is done against steel or cast iron. Thicker lining is normally counter bored and riveted. Thinner materials are bonded with glue. I suspect the adhesive used is likely some type of high temperature contact cement. For FRC where temperatures would be low you might get away with less exotic or specialized adhesive. I'd start testing with some of the 3M spray adhesives. You can source 3M 77 at Home Depot. Others are industrial and can be ordered from McMaster. I wonder how Gorilla glue would do?
http://www.mcmaster.com/#aerosol-adhesives/=137ij6a
Searching google for "brake lining adhesive" turned up a bunch of results including this video which demonstrates the process including testing of an adhesive called Anabond 230.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd9cLW1hMOQ