The installer shouldn't require the internet connection for anything beyond "check for updates?" if that's an option.
I'd want to focus more towards which installer you're using. Based on saying LabVIEW 2017, I'm going to assume it's the Kit of Parts DVD.
Does that DVD work on other PCs? If so, we can generally tell the installer works. We just need to figure out why it doesn't work on your PC.
The firewall and AntiVirus mentioned already are good ideas. Disable any of these. Then reboot and try again. If that doesn't work, navigate to the Resources\Distributions\LabVIEW 2016 folder on the DVD and try to install JUST that component. Does that work?
If not, go to Control Panel and look at the Add/Remove Software option. See if you have "National Instruments Software" in the list. If so, let's try uninstalling these. Then, we can try an install.
If that doesn't work, take a look at:
http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/all...2579EC00760F79 This will help you force install LabVIEW. Does that work?
Really, you'd probably be best served calling 866-511-6285 between 1-7PM CST Mon-Fri and getting someone from NI to help you through installation options in a more interactive way than we can hash out on these forums.
I'd also suggest running Windows Update and getting all of that done. Some teams have been running into issues with those this season.