[Jay Lundy]

Cast everything to int before printing. The reason is that printf assumes your variable is an int, and it reads from MSB to LSB.

So if you have a char with value 127 (01111111), then printf will start on the far left, and create an int that looks like 01111111 00000000. Everything is shifted up 8 bits, << 8 = * 2^8 = * 256.

If you cast to int first, the variable is padded with 0's, so 01111111 becomes 00000000 01111111.

By the way, I didn't look at the implementation to see why printf works this way. This is just what I'm assuming based on the problem (it's a common problem).