The NRG RoboCoder competition:

Where: online at http://nrg.chaosnet.org/coder
When: May 15 (kickoff) to May 22 (event/competition)
What: Autonomous Programming Challenge
How: Program autonomous robots in Java
Cost: $20 per team. If you're team doesn't want to compete, individuals can also compete, and you don't need to be a part of FIRST. (Cost is $20 for individual participants also).
Register here (with no obligation to pay/compete): http://nrg.chaosnet.org/coder/register