I'm not to familiar with Inventor, so take this with a grain of salt.
I work with SolidWorks for 3D CAD mainly.
I would assume that you can mate the chain somehow to the center of the gear to cetralize it in the grooves so it has no sideways off the gear movement, and then mate some part of the chain to the center of the arcs in the gear's Internal Diameter..
I'm not sure if the CAD software would be smart enough to release the mate to the chain and the gear's arc as you rotated the chain through it's path.
I know the version of Solidworks (2001) a few classmates and myself tried to use to make a
geneva wheel we couldn't get the mechanism to work correctly, but we did have some sucess.
In essence, you need a temporary mate to a link and gear when it is in contact, and for that mate to release itself when the chain leaves the gear.
constraints = mates btw.
SolidWorks calls 3D constrainst between assemblies Mates, and constraints between lines in sketches constraints. Sorry if there is any confusion due to my wording.
edit: another cool geneva wheel animation:
http://www.brockeng.com/mechanism/Geneva.htm
More cool mechanisms:
http://www.brockeng.com/mechanism/index.htm