I have finally received an official response from Autodesk on access to ADMS (Autodesk Data Management Server). ADMS is not available to FIRST teams as they believe the support logistics would be to great. This is a real disappointment, but the Autodesk officials do believe it is temporary. They said they are going to discuss giving us access in future years. I have a feeling that it was simply not included in the student version, and they didn't realize how beneficial it could be to FIRST teams
I suggest anyone who is interested should email Autodesk support at
product.support.communications@autodesk.com and suggest we get access to ADMS. It's better if more than just one kook knocks on their door asking for more free stuff.
Alternatively, I have taken all of your suggestions and implemented Visual SVN and Tortoise SVN. It is generally OK, with the exception that SVN doesn't have a better way to lock files from use other than creating a read-only notification. Otherwise, it will be fun trying to train everyone how to properly use this in a short amount of time. Wish me luck.