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Re: Photosensor/spacing
For spacing, I would recommend doing some tests. Get a simple board, drill some holes into it, and see what spacing works best for you. Keep in mind that the tape is 2 inches thick, as that will likely affect how you want your spacing.
For wiring, the back of the device tells you which wire attaches to ground, and which to 12V - these should be attaches to the Power Distribution Board through a 20A circuit breaker (in fact, you can attach all 3 sensors to the same circuit breaker).
The signal (either white or black) should be attached to one of the signal pins of the digital inputs on the digital side car. These wires will allow the value of that pin to float (through the pull up transistor) at 5V, and pull it down to ground when triggered, giving you a logical true or false in the code. The white and black wires are opposite each other - one will pull down to ground when it detects the line, the other will pull down to ground when it does not detect the line, thus you only need to attach one of the signal wires, not both.
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