A Physics Quiz of a different type

[EricH]

I'll take a stab at your problem, Ether.

System 1 (XY): The relative speed of the two particles is c/2-(-c/2) [speed of A - speed of B], which results in 2*c/2 or c, relative to each other, as viewed from a neutral position.
System 2 (X'Y'): In this case, the system is fixed onto Particle B in the above problem, which is assumed to be moving at -c/2 (from the reference point in System 1's point of view). The relative speed remains the same, as the motion did not change (if viewed from System 1's reference point), so observers on Particle B see Particle A leaving at speed c.

Which brings up the question: Do observers on Particle B really see Particle A, or does it just vanish as it moves?

There are some related thought experiments, such as the speed of a bullet fired going forwards versus the speed of a bullet fired going backwards (to an outside observer); in Al's particular case, the real question is does an observer in another reference frame witness light traveling at 2*c? (And if so, does that redefine the speed of light in that observing reference frame? )