I believe I am to connect this via pwm to the analog breakout; however, I found that the ports on the breakout supply 5v at .25 amps, whereas the transducer is rated for 8 mA at best. Do I need to add a resistor in parallel from the power to reduce current, or am I missing something obvious here?
Things that supply current only have a maximum that can be drawn.
To make an analogy to mechanical forces, voltage is like how fast a shaft spins, and amperage is like the torque.
The motor spinning it has a maximum torque, though this might not all be used. (And a load causes a speed drop… unless there is a control loop going on.) A power supply has a maximum output amperage, though that might not be all that is used. (And a load causes a voltage drop… though since the breakout is regulated, it’d be hard to experience this.)